Age-sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

GBD 2019 LRI Collaborators; Hmwe Hmwe Kyu; Avina Vongpradith; Sarah Brooke Sirota; Amanda Novotney; Christopher E Troeger; Matthew C Doxey; Rose G Bender; Jorge R Ledesma; Molly H Biehl; Samuel B Albertson; Joseph Jon Frostad; Katrin Burkart; Fiona B Bennitt; Jeff T Zhao; William M Gardner; Hailey Hagins; Dana Bryazka; Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez; Semagn Mekonnen Abate; Michael Abdelmasseh; Amir Abdoli; Gholamreza Abdoli; Aidin Abedi; Vida Abedi; Tadesse M Abegaz; Hassan Abidi; Richard Gyan Aboagye; Hassan Abolhassani; Yonas Derso Abtew; Hiwa Abubaker Ali; Eman Abu-Gharbieh; Ahmed Abu-Zaid; Kidist Adamu; Isaac Yeboah Addo; Oyelola A Adegboye; Mohammad Adnan; Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani; Muhammad Sohail Afzal; Saira Afzal; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Aqeel Ahmad; Araz Ramazan Ahmad; Sajjad Ahmad; Ali Ahmadi; Sepideh Ahmadi; Haroon Ahmed; Jivan Qasim Ahmed; Tarik Ahmed Rashid; Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi; Hanadi Al Hamad; Luciana Albano; Mamoon A Aldeyab; Bezatu Mengistie Alemu; Kefyalew Addis Alene; Abdelazeem M Algammal; Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa; Robert Kaba Alhassan; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Liaqat Ali; Musa Mohammed Ali; Syed Shujait Ali; Yousef Alimohamadi; Vahid Alipour; Adel Al-Jumaily; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Sami Almustanyir; Rajaa M Al-Raddadi; Rami H Hani Al-Rifai; Saif Aldeen S AlRyalat; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk; Edward Kwabena Ameyaw; Javad Javad Aminian Dehkordi; John H Amuasi; Dickson A Amugsi; Etsay Woldu Anbesu; Adnan Ansar; Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor; Jalal Arabloo; Demelash Areda; Ayele Mamo Argaw; Zeleke Gebru Argaw; Judie Arulappan; Raphael Taiwo Aruleba; Mulusew A Asemahagn; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Daniel Atlaw; Engi F Attia; Sameh Attia; Avinash Aujayeb; Tewachew Awoke; Tegegn Mulatu Ayana; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Sina Azadnajafabad; Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy; Samad Azari; Amirhossein Azari Jafari; Muhammad Badar; Ashish D Badiye; Nayereh Baghcheghi; Sara Bagherieh; Atif Amin Baig; Maciej Banach; Indrajit Banerjee; Mainak Bardhan; Francesco Barone-Adesi; Hiba Jawdat Barqawi; Amadou Barrow; Azadeh Bashiri; Quique Bassat; Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha; Abate Bekele Belachew; Melaku Ashagrie Belete; Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Parth Bhatt; Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja; Zulfiqar A Bhutta; Soumitra S Bhuyan; Ali Bijani; Saeid Bitaraf; Belay Boda Abule Bodicha; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Danilo Buonsenso; Muhammad Hammad Butt; Jiao Cai; Paulo Camargos; Luis Alberto Cámera; Promit Ananyo Chakraborty; Muluken Genetu Chanie; Jaykaran Charan; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Patrick R Ching; Sungchul Choi; Yuen Yu Chong; Sonali Gajanan Choudhari; Enayet Karim Chowdhury; Devasahayam J Christopher; Dinh-Toi Chu; Natalie L Cobb; Aaron J Cohen; Natália Cruz-Martins; Omid Dadras; Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw; Xiaochen Dai; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; An Thi Minh Dao; Sisay Abebe Debela; Biniyam Demisse; Fitsum Wolde Demisse; Solomon Demissie; Diriba Dereje; Hardik Dineshbhai Desai; Abebaw Alemayehu Desta; Belay Desye; Sameer Dhingra; Nancy Diao; Daniel Diaz; Lankamo Ena Digesa; Linh Phuong Doan; Milad Dodangeh; Deepa Dongarwar; Fariba Dorostkar; Wendel Mombaque dos Santos; Haneil Larson Dsouza; Eleonora Dubljanin; Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye; Hisham Atan Edinur; Elham Ehsani-Chimeh; Ebrahim Eini; Michael Ekholuenetale; Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo; Eman D El Desouky; Iman El Sayed; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Muhammed Elhadi; Ahmed Mahmoud Rabie Elkhapery; Amir Emami; Luchuo Engelbert Bain; Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar; Farshid Etaee; Mohamad Ezati Asar; Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe; Shahab Falahi; Aida Fallahzadeh; Anwar Faraj; Emerito Jose A Faraon; Ali Fatehizadeh; Pietro Ferrara; Allegra Allegra Ferrari; Getahun Fetensa; Florian Fischer; Joanne Flavel; Masoud Foroutan; Peter Andras Gaal; Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane; Santosh Gaihre; Nasrin Galehdar; Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro; Tushar Garg; Mesfin Damtew Gebrehiwot; Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael; Yibeltal Yismaw Gela; Belete Negese Belete Gemeda; Bradford D Gessner; Melaku Getachew; Asmare Getie; Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari; Mohammad Ghasemi Nour; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Ali Gholamrezanezhad; Abdolmajid Gholizadeh; Rakesh Ghosh; Sherief Ghozy; Pouya Goleij; Mohamad Golitaleb; Giuseppe Gorini; Alessandra C Goulart; Girma Garedew Goyomsa; Habtamu Alganeh Guadie; Zewdie Gudisa; Rashid Abdi Guled; Sapna Gupta; Veer Bala Gupta; Vivek Kumar Gupta; Alemu Guta; Parham Habibzadeh; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Rabih Halwani; Samer Hamidi; Md Abdul Hannan; Mehdi Harorani; Ahmed I Hasaballah; Hamidreza Hasani; Abbas M Hassan; Shokoufeh Hassani; Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam; Hadi Hassankhani; Khezar Hayat; Behzad Heibati; Mohammad Heidari; Demisu Zenbaba Heyi; Kamal Hezam; Ramesh Holla; Sung Hwi Hong; Nobuyuki Horita; Mohammad-Salar Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh; Junjie Huang; Nawfal R Hussein; Ivo Iavicoli; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Kevin S Ikuta; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M Ilic; Milena D Ilic; Mustapha Immurana; Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail; Masao Iwagami; Jalil Jaafari; Elham Jamshidi; Sung-In Jang; Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani; Tahereh Javaheri; Fatemeh Javanmardi; Javad Javidnia; Sathish Kumar Jayapal; Umesh Jayarajah; Shubha Jayaram; Alelign Tasew Jema; Wonjeong Jeong; Jost B Jonas; Nitin Joseph; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Vaishali K; Zubair Kabir; Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi; Vidya Kadashetti; Laleh R Kalankesh; Rohollah Kalhor; Ashwin Kamath; Bhushan Dattatray Kamble; Himal Kandel; Tesfaye K Kanko; Ibraheem M Karaye; André Karch; Samad Karkhah; Bekalu Getnet Kassa; Patrick DMC Katoto; Harkiran Kaur; Rimple Jeet Kaur; Leila Keikavoosi-Arani; Mohammad Keykhaei; Yousef Saleh Khader; Himanshu Khajuria; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Gulfaraz Khan; Imteyaz A Khan; Maseer Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Moien AB Khan; Yusra H Khan; Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh; Mina Khosravifar; Jagdish Khubchandani; Min Seo Kim; Ruth W Kimokoti; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Niranjan Kissoon; Luke D Knibbs; Sonali Kochhar; Farzad Kompani; Hamid Reza Koohestani; Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov; Soewarta Kosen; Parvaiz A Koul; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; G Anil Kumar; Om P Kurmi; Ambily Kuttikkattu; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Judit Lám; Iván Landires; Caterina Ledda; Sang-woong Lee; Miriam Levi; Sonia Lewycka; Gang Liu; Wei Liu; Rakesh Lodha; László Lorenzovici; Mojgan Lotfi; Joana A Loureiro; Farzan Madadizadeh; Ata Mahmoodpoor; Razzagh Mahmoudi; Marzieh Mahmoudimanesh; Jamal Majidpoor; Alaa Makki; Elaheh Malakan Rad; Ahmad Azam Malik; Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi; Yosef Manla; Clara N Matei; Alexander G Mathioudakis; Richard James Maude; Entezar Mehrabi Nasab; Addisu Melese; Ziad A Memish; Oliver Mendoza-Cano; Alexios-Fotios A Mentis; Tuomo J Meretoja; Mehari Woldemariam Merid; Tomislav Mestrovic; Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá; Gelana Fekadu Worku Mijena; Le Huu Nhat Minh; Shabir Ahmad Mir; Reza Mirfakhraie; Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni; Agha Zeeshan Mirza; Moonis Mirza; Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari; Abay Sisay Misganaw; Awoke Temesgen Misganaw; Esmaeil Mohammadi; Mokhtar Mohammadi; Arif Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Syam Mohan; Mohammad Mohseni; Nagabhishek Moka; Ali H Mokdad; Sara Momtazmanesh; Monasta Lorenzo; Md Moniruzzaman; Fateme Montazeri; Catrin E Moore; Abdolvahab Moradi; Lidia Morawska; Jonathan F Mosser; Ebrahim Mostafavi; Majid Motaghinejad; Haleh Mousavi Isfahani; Seyed Ali Mousavi-Aghdas; Sumaira Mubarik; Efrén Murillo-Zamora; Ghulam Mustafa; Sanjeev Nair; Tapas Sadasivan Nair; Houshang Najafi; Atta Abbas Naqvi; Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy; Zuhair S Natto; Biswa Prakash Nayak; Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi; Huy Van Nguyen Nguyen; Robina Khan Niazi; Antonio Tolentino Nogueira de Sá; Hasti Nouraei; Ali Nowroozi; Virginia Nuñez-Samudio; Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam; Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam; Bogdan Oancea; Chimedsuren Ochir; Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya; Hassan Okati-Aliabad; Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle; Osaretin Christabel Okonji; Andrew T Olagunju; Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa; Ahmed Omar Bali; Emad Omer; Eyal Oren; Erika Ota; Nikita Otstavnov; Abderrahim Oulhaj; Mahesh P A; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Keyvan Pakshir; Reza Pakzad; Tamás Palicz; Anamika Pandey; Suman Pant; Shahina Pardhan; Eun-Cheol Park; Eun-Kee Park; Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan; Rajan Paudel; Shrikant Pawar; Minjin Peng; Gavin Pereira; Simone Perna; Navaraj Perumalsamy; Ionela-Roxana Petcu; David M Pigott; Zahra Zahid Piracha; Vivek Podder; Roman V Polibin; Maarten J Postma; Hamid Pourasghari; Naeimeh Pourtaheri; Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qadir; Mathieu Raad; Mohammad Rabiee; Navid Rabiee; Saber Raeghi; Alireza Rafiei; Fakher Rahim; Mehran Rahimi; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Azizur Rahman; Md Obaidur Rahman; Mosiur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Vahid Rahmanian; Pradhum Ram; Kiana Ramezanzadeh; Juwel Rana; Priyanga Ranasinghe; Usha Rani; Sowmya J Rao; Sina Rashedi; Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi; Azad Rasul; Zubair Ahmed Ratan; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; Reza Rawassizadeh; Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia; Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan; Marissa B Reitsma; Andre M N Renzaho; Mohsen Rezaeian; Abanoub Riad; Reza Rikhtegar; Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez; Emma L B Rogowski; Ronfani Luca; Kristina E Rudd; Basema Saddik; Erfan Sadeghi; Umar Saeed; Azam Safary; Sher Zaman Safi; Maryam Sahebazzamani; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Sateesh Sakhamuri; Sana Salehi; Muhammad Salman; Hossein Samadi Kafil; Abdallah M Samy; Milena M Santric-Milicevic; Bruno Piassi Sao Jose; Maryam Sarkhosh; Brijesh Sathian; Monika Sawhney; Ganesh Kumar Saya; Abdul-Aziz Seidu; Allen Seylani; Amira A Shaheen; Masood Ali Shaikh; Elaheh Shaker; Hina Shamshad; Mequannent Melaku Sharew; Asaad Sharhani; Azam Sharifi; Purva Sharma; Ali Sheidaei; Suchitra M Shenoy; Jeevan K Shetty; Damtew Solomon Shiferaw; Mika Shigematsu; Jae Il Shin; Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski; K.M. Shivakumar; Siddharudha Shivalli; Parnian Shobeiri; Wudneh Simegn; Colin R Simpson; Harpreet Singh; Jasvinder A Singh; Paramdeep Singh; Samarjeet Singh Siwal; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina; Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar; Suhang Song; Yimeng Song; Prashant Sood; Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy; Paschalis Steiropoulos; Muhammad Suleman; Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh; Alireza Tahamtan; Majid Taheri; Moslem Taheri Soodejani; Elahe Taki; Iman M Talaat; Mircea Tampa; Sarmila Tandukar; Nathan Y Tat; Vivian Y Tat; Yibekal Manaye Tefera; Gebremaryam Temesgen; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Azene Tesfaye; Degefa Gomora Tesfaye; Belay Tessema; Rekha Thapar; Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu; Amir Tiyuri; Imad I Tleyjeh; Munkhsaikhan Togtmol; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Derara Girma Tufa; Irfan Ullah; Era Upadhyay; Sahel Valadan Tahbaz; Pascual R Valdez; Rohollah Valizadeh; Constantine Vardavas; Tommi Juhani Vasankari; Bay Vo; Linh Gia Vu; Birhanu Wagaye; Yasir Waheed; Yu Wang; Abdul Waris; T Eoin West; Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe; Xiaoyue Xu; Sajad Yaghoubi; Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Dong Keon Yon; Naohiro Yonemoto; Burhan Abdullah Zaman; Alireza Zandifar; Moein Zangiabadian; Heather J Zar; Iman Zare; Zahra Zareshahrabadi; Armin Zarrintan; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin; Wu Zeng; Mengxi Zhang; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Chenwen Zhong; Mohammad Zoladl; Alimuddin Zumla; Stephen S Lim; Theo Vos; Mohsen Naghavi; Michael Brauer; Simon I Hay; Christopher J L Murray

doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00510-2

Age-sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Journal

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Author(s)

GBD 2019 LRI Collaborators

Hmwe Hmwe Kyu

Avina Vongpradith

Sarah Brooke Sirota

Amanda Novotney

Christopher E Troeger

Matthew C Doxey

Rose G Bender

Jorge R Ledesma

Molly H Biehl

Samuel B Albertson

Joseph Jon Frostad

Katrin Burkart

Fiona B Bennitt

Jeff T Zhao

William M Gardner

Hailey Hagins

Dana Bryazka

Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez

Semagn Mekonnen Abate

Michael Abdelmasseh

Amir Abdoli

Gholamreza Abdoli

Aidin Abedi

Vida Abedi

Tadesse M Abegaz

Hassan Abidi

Richard Gyan Aboagye

Hassan Abolhassani

Yonas Derso Abtew

Hiwa Abubaker Ali

Eman Abu-Gharbieh

Ahmed Abu-Zaid

Kidist Adamu

Isaac Yeboah Addo

Oyelola A Adegboye

Mohammad Adnan

Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani

Muhammad Sohail Afzal

Saira Afzal

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah

Aqeel Ahmad

Araz Ramazan Ahmad

Sajjad Ahmad

Ali Ahmadi

Sepideh Ahmadi

Haroon Ahmed

Jivan Qasim Ahmed

Tarik Ahmed Rashid

Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi

Hanadi Al Hamad

Luciana Albano

Mamoon A Aldeyab

Bezatu Mengistie Alemu

Kefyalew Addis Alene

Abdelazeem M Algammal

Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa

Robert Kaba Alhassan

Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali

Liaqat Ali

Musa Mohammed Ali

Syed Shujait Ali

Yousef Alimohamadi

Vahid Alipour

Adel Al-Jumaily

Syed Mohamed Aljunid

Sami Almustanyir

Rajaa M Al-Raddadi

Rami H Hani Al-Rifai

Saif Aldeen S AlRyalat

Nelson Alvis-Guzman

Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk

Edward Kwabena Ameyaw

Javad Javad Aminian Dehkordi

John H Amuasi

Dickson A Amugsi

Etsay Woldu Anbesu

Adnan Ansar

Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor

Jalal Arabloo

Demelash Areda

Ayele Mamo Argaw

Zeleke Gebru Argaw

Judie Arulappan

Raphael Taiwo Aruleba

Mulusew A Asemahagn

Seyyed Shamsadin Athari

Daniel Atlaw

Engi F Attia

Sameh Attia

Avinash Aujayeb

Tewachew Awoke

Tegegn Mulatu Ayana

Martin Amogre Ayanore

Sina Azadnajafabad

Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy

Samad Azari

Amirhossein Azari Jafari

Muhammad Badar

Ashish D Badiye

Nayereh Baghcheghi

Sara Bagherieh

Atif Amin Baig

Maciej Banach

Indrajit Banerjee

Mainak Bardhan

Francesco Barone-Adesi

Hiba Jawdat Barqawi

Amadou Barrow

Azadeh Bashiri

Quique Bassat

Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha

Abate Bekele Belachew

Melaku Ashagrie Belete

Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi

Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula

Nikha Bhardwaj

Pankaj Bhardwaj

Parth Bhatt

Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja

Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Soumitra S Bhuyan

Ali Bijani

Saeid Bitaraf

Belay Boda Abule Bodicha

Nikolay Ivanovich Briko

Danilo Buonsenso

Muhammad Hammad Butt

Jiao Cai

Paulo Camargos

Luis Alberto Cámera

Promit Ananyo Chakraborty

Muluken Genetu Chanie

Jaykaran Charan

Vijay Kumar Chattu

Patrick R Ching

Sungchul Choi

Yuen Yu Chong

Sonali Gajanan Choudhari

Enayet Karim Chowdhury

Devasahayam J Christopher

Dinh-Toi Chu

Natalie L Cobb

Aaron J Cohen

Natália Cruz-Martins

Omid Dadras

Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw

Xiaochen Dai

Lalit Dandona

Rakhi Dandona

An Thi Minh Dao

Sisay Abebe Debela

Biniyam Demisse

Fitsum Wolde Demisse

Solomon Demissie

Diriba Dereje

Hardik Dineshbhai Desai

Abebaw Alemayehu Desta

Belay Desye

Sameer Dhingra

Nancy Diao

Daniel Diaz

Lankamo Ena Digesa

Linh Phuong Doan

Milad Dodangeh

Deepa Dongarwar

Fariba Dorostkar

Wendel Mombaque dos Santos

Haneil Larson Dsouza

Eleonora Dubljanin

Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye

Hisham Atan Edinur

Elham Ehsani-Chimeh

Ebrahim Eini

Michael Ekholuenetale

Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo

Eman D El Desouky

Iman El Sayed

Maysaa El Sayed Zaki

Muhammed Elhadi

Ahmed Mahmoud Rabie Elkhapery

Amir Emami

Luchuo Engelbert Bain

Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar

Farshid Etaee

Mohamad Ezati Asar

Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe

Shahab Falahi

Aida Fallahzadeh

Anwar Faraj

Emerito Jose A Faraon

Ali Fatehizadeh

Pietro Ferrara

Allegra Allegra Ferrari

Getahun Fetensa

Florian Fischer

Joanne Flavel

Masoud Foroutan

Peter Andras Gaal

Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane

Santosh Gaihre

Nasrin Galehdar

Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro

Tushar Garg

Mesfin Damtew Gebrehiwot

Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael

Yibeltal Yismaw Gela

Belete Negese Belete Gemeda

Bradford D Gessner

Melaku Getachew

Asmare Getie

Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari

Mohammad Ghasemi Nour

Ahmad Ghashghaee

Ali Gholamrezanezhad

Abdolmajid Gholizadeh

Rakesh Ghosh

Sherief Ghozy

Pouya Goleij

Mohamad Golitaleb

Giuseppe Gorini

Alessandra C Goulart

Girma Garedew Goyomsa

Habtamu Alganeh Guadie

Zewdie Gudisa

Rashid Abdi Guled

Sapna Gupta

Veer Bala Gupta

Vivek Kumar Gupta

Alemu Guta

Parham Habibzadeh

Arvin Haj-Mirzaian

Rabih Halwani

Samer Hamidi

Md Abdul Hannan

Mehdi Harorani

Ahmed I Hasaballah

Hamidreza Hasani

Abbas M Hassan

Shokoufeh Hassani

Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam

Hadi Hassankhani

Khezar Hayat

Behzad Heibati

Mohammad Heidari

Demisu Zenbaba Heyi

Kamal Hezam

Ramesh Holla

Sung Hwi Hong

Nobuyuki Horita

Mohammad-Salar Hosseini

Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

Mihaela Hostiuc

Mowafa Househ

Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh

Junjie Huang

Nawfal R Hussein

Ivo Iavicoli

Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye

Kevin S Ikuta

Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi

Irena M Ilic

Milena D Ilic

Mustapha Immurana

Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail

Masao Iwagami

Jalil Jaafari

Elham Jamshidi

Sung-In Jang

Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani

Tahereh Javaheri

Fatemeh Javanmardi

Javad Javidnia

Sathish Kumar Jayapal

Umesh Jayarajah

Shubha Jayaram

Alelign Tasew Jema

Wonjeong Jeong

Jost B Jonas

Nitin Joseph

Farahnaz Joukar

Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak

Vaishali K

Zubair Kabir

Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi

Vidya Kadashetti

Laleh R Kalankesh

Rohollah Kalhor

Ashwin Kamath

Bhushan Dattatray Kamble

Himal Kandel

Tesfaye K Kanko

Ibraheem M Karaye

André Karch

Samad Karkhah

Bekalu Getnet Kassa

Patrick DMC Katoto

Harkiran Kaur

Rimple Jeet Kaur

Leila Keikavoosi-Arani

Mohammad Keykhaei

Yousef Saleh Khader

Himanshu Khajuria

Ejaz Ahmad Khan

Gulfaraz Khan

Imteyaz A Khan

Maseer Khan

Md Nuruzzaman Khan

Moien AB Khan

Yusra H Khan

Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh

Mina Khosravifar

Jagdish Khubchandani

Min Seo Kim

Ruth W Kimokoti

Adnan Kisa

Sezer Kisa

Niranjan Kissoon

Luke D Knibbs

Sonali Kochhar

Farzad Kompani

Hamid Reza Koohestani

Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov

Soewarta Kosen

Parvaiz A Koul

Ai Koyanagi

Kewal Krishan

Barthelemy Kuate Defo

G Anil Kumar

Om P Kurmi

Ambily Kuttikkattu

Dharmesh Kumar Lal

Judit Lám

Iván Landires

Caterina Ledda

Sang-woong Lee

Miriam Levi

Sonia Lewycka

Gang Liu

Wei Liu

Rakesh Lodha

László Lorenzovici

Mojgan Lotfi

Joana A Loureiro

Farzan Madadizadeh

Ata Mahmoodpoor

Razzagh Mahmoudi

Marzieh Mahmoudimanesh

Jamal Majidpoor

Alaa Makki

Elaheh Malakan Rad

Ahmad Azam Malik

Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi

Yosef Manla

Clara N Matei

Alexander G Mathioudakis

Richard James Maude

Entezar Mehrabi Nasab

Addisu Melese

Ziad A Memish

Oliver Mendoza-Cano

Alexios-Fotios A Mentis

Tuomo J Meretoja

Mehari Woldemariam Merid

Tomislav Mestrovic

Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá

Gelana Fekadu Worku Mijena

Le Huu Nhat Minh

Shabir Ahmad Mir

Reza Mirfakhraie

Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni

Agha Zeeshan Mirza

Moonis Mirza

Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari

Abay Sisay Misganaw

Awoke Temesgen Misganaw

Esmaeil Mohammadi

Mokhtar Mohammadi

Arif Mohammed

Shafiu Mohammed

Syam Mohan

Mohammad Mohseni

Nagabhishek Moka

Ali H Mokdad

Sara Momtazmanesh

Monasta Lorenzo

Md Moniruzzaman

Fateme Montazeri

Catrin E Moore

Abdolvahab Moradi

Lidia Morawska

Jonathan F Mosser

Ebrahim Mostafavi

Majid Motaghinejad

Haleh Mousavi Isfahani

Seyed Ali Mousavi-Aghdas

Sumaira Mubarik

Efrén Murillo-Zamora

Ghulam Mustafa

Sanjeev Nair

Tapas Sadasivan Nair

Houshang Najafi

Atta Abbas Naqvi

Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy

Zuhair S Natto

Biswa Prakash Nayak

Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi

Huy Van Nguyen Nguyen

Robina Khan Niazi

Antonio Tolentino Nogueira de Sá

Hasti Nouraei

Ali Nowroozi

Virginia Nuñez-Samudio

Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam

Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam

Bogdan Oancea

Chimedsuren Ochir

Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya

Hassan Okati-Aliabad

Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle

Osaretin Christabel Okonji

Andrew T Olagunju

Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa

Ahmed Omar Bali

Emad Omer

Eyal Oren

Erika Ota

Nikita Otstavnov

Abderrahim Oulhaj

Mahesh P A

Jagadish Rao Padubidri

Keyvan Pakshir

Reza Pakzad

Tamás Palicz

Anamika Pandey

Suman Pant

Shahina Pardhan

Eun-Cheol Park

Eun-Kee Park

Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan

Rajan Paudel

Shrikant Pawar

Minjin Peng

Gavin Pereira

Simone Perna

Navaraj Perumalsamy

Ionela-Roxana Petcu

David M Pigott

Zahra Zahid Piracha

Vivek Podder

Roman V Polibin

Maarten J Postma

Hamid Pourasghari

Naeimeh Pourtaheri

Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qadir

Mathieu Raad

Mohammad Rabiee

Navid Rabiee

Saber Raeghi

Alireza Rafiei

Fakher Rahim

Mehran Rahimi

Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar

Azizur Rahman

Md Obaidur Rahman

Mosiur Rahman

Muhammad Aziz Rahman

Amir Masoud Rahmani

Vahid Rahmanian

Pradhum Ram

Kiana Ramezanzadeh

Juwel Rana

Priyanga Ranasinghe

Usha Rani

Sowmya J Rao

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Age-sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019